英文词源
- stern
- stern: English has two distinct words stern. The older, the adjective ‘severe’ [OE], comes from a prehistoric Germanic *sternjaz, which was probably derived from the base *ster-, *star- ‘be rigid’ (source also of English starch, stare, starve, etc). Stern ‘rear of a vessel’ [13] is etymologically the ‘steering’ end of a ship. The word was probably borrowed from Old Norse stjórn ‘steering’, a derivative of the same base as produced stýra ‘steer’ (source of English steer).
=> starch, stare, starve, stereo, stork; steer - stern (adj.)
- Old English styrne "severe, strict, grave, hard, cruel," from Proto-Germanic *sternijaz (cognates: Middle High German sterre, German starr "stiff," störrig "obstinate;" Gothic andstaurran "to be stiff;" Old Norse stara; Old English starian "to look or gaze upon"), from PIE root *ster- (1) "rigid, stiff" (see stereo-). Related: Sternly; sternness.
- stern (n.)
- early 13c., "hind part of a ship; steering gear of a ship," probably from a Scandinavian source, such as Old Norse stjorn "a steering," related to or derived from styra "to guide" (see steer (v.)). Or the word may come from Old Frisian stiarne "rudder," which also is related to steer (v.). Stern-wheeler as a type of steam-boat is from 1855, American English.
中文词源
stern：船尾
先说steer（驾驶；掌舵），源自词根sta-“直立”。单词中的st-、sta-等常有“直立”之义，如stand（站），statue（雕像），stereo（立体声）等，steer原指用于驾船的直立的舵。stern与之同源，经了解，大型货船的驾驶室大多位于尾部。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：stern 词源，stern 含义。
stern：严厉的，严苛的
来自古英语 styrne,严厉的，严苛的，来自 Proto-Germanic*sternijaz,硬的，强硬的，来自 PIE*ster, 固定的，坚固的，僵硬的，词源同 sterile,stark.
stern：船尾
词源同 steer,驾驶，操纵。因过去习惯在船尾驾驶船只，后引申词义船尾。