英文词源
- raise
- raise: [12] Raise is first cousin to rear. It was borrowed from Old Norse reisa, which was descended from the same prehistoric Germanic verb as produced English rear ‘lift, rise’. This was *raizjan, a derivative of the same source as gave English rise.
=> rear, rise - raise (n.)
- "act of raising or lifting," 1530s, from raise (v.). Meaning "an increase in amount or value" is from 1728. Meaning "increase in salary or wages" is from 1898, chiefly American English (British preferring rise). Earliest attested use (c. 1500) is in obsolete sense of "a levy."
- raise (v.)
- c. 1200, "cause a rising of; lift upright, set upright; build, construct," from a Scandinavian source, such as Old Norse reisa "to raise," from Proto-Germanic *raizjan (cognates: Gothic ur-raisjan, Old English ræran "to rear;" see rear (v.)), causative of root *ris- "to rise" (see rise (v.)). At first sharing many senses with native rear (v.).
Meaning "make higher" is from c. 1300 in the physical sense, as is that of "restore to life." Of the voice, from late 14c. Meaning "increase the amount of" is from c. 1500; from 1530s of prices, etc. Meaning "to bring up" (a question, etc.) is from 1640s. Card-playing sense is from 1821. Meaning "promote the growth of" (plants, etc.) is from 1660s; sense of "foster, rear, bring up" (of children) is from 1744. Meaning "to elevate" (the consciousness) is from 1970. Related: Raised; raising.
Pickering (1816) has a long passage on the use of raise and grow in reference to crops. He writes that in the U.S. raise is used of persons, in the sense "brought up," but it is "never thus used in the Northern States. Bartlett [1848] adds that it "is applied in the Southern States to the breeding of negroes. It is sometimes heard at the North among the illiterate; as 'I was raised in Connecticut,' meaning brought up there."
中文词源
raise：抱起婴儿以示认可的罗马习俗
在古罗马时代，孩子出生并不能自动成为一个家庭的成员，还需要父亲的认可。孩子出生后，接生婆会把它放在地上。父亲过来看看。如果愿意接纳这个孩子，就会把他抱起来。通过这个举动来宣告正式同意接纳这个孩子作为自己的子女。如果不愿意接纳，父亲就不会把婴儿抱起来。这个婴儿就会被遗弃。这样做的原因可能有二：一是古罗马时代，人们的男女关系混乱，自己的妻子生的孩子未必就是自己的亲骨肉，并且做父亲的也可能跟女奴或女仆乱搞，所以不能随便认可。一旦认可了，在法律上这个婴儿就算是你的子女了（古罗马人可不会搞滴血认亲那一套）。二来，古罗马还是父权社会，子女被视为父亲的财产，父亲对子女操有生杀予夺大权。堕胎、弃婴等行为都是社会认可的。
英语单词raise来自北欧语reisa ，意思是“举起来、提高”。本来并不含有“抚养”的含义。到了18世纪中叶时逐渐扩展出“抚养、养育”的意思。raise的词义扩展和古罗马的认子习俗之间是否有关，现在还没有明确证据。但了解到古罗马人通过raise（举起）婴儿的动作表示愿意raise（养育）它的习俗，可以帮助我们更好地理解和记忆raise这个单词。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：raise 词源，raise 含义。
raise：提高，举起；竖起；发起，提出；养育，饲养；引起，惹起；增加，筹集
来源于史前日耳曼语。
同源词：rear, rise
raise：升起，举起，养育，培植
来自中古英语 raisen,上升，举起，来自 Proto-Germanic*risana,上升，举起，来自 PIE*rei,上 升，举起，词源同 rise,rear.引申词义养育，培植。
raise：升起，举起，养育，培植
来自中古英语 raisen,上升，举起，来自 Proto-Germanic*risana,上升，举起，来自 PIE*rei,上 升，举起，词源同 rise,rear.引申词义养育，培植。