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prince

英文词源

princeyoudaoicibaDictYouDict
prince: [13] A prince is etymologically someone who ‘takes first place’, hence a ‘leader’. The word comes via Old French prince from Latin princeps, a compound formed from prīmus ‘first’ (source of English prime) and capere ‘take’ (source of English captive, capture, etc). (German fürst ‘prince’ was derived from Old High German furist ‘first’, apparently in imitation of the Latin word.) The derivative princess [14] was also acquired from Old French.
=> first, prime
prince (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
c. 1200, "ruler of a principality" (mid-12c. as a surname), from Old French prince "prince, noble lord" (12c.), from Latin princeps (genitive principis) "first man, chief leader; ruler, sovereign," noun use of adjective meaning "that takes first," from primus "first" (see prime (adj.)) + root of capere "to take" (see capable). German cognate fürst, from Old High German furist "first," is apparently an imitation of the Latin formation. Colloquial meaning "admirable or generous person" is from 1911, American English. Prince Regent was the title of George, Prince of Wales (later George VI) during the mental incapacity of George III (1811-1820).

中文词源

prince(国君):古罗马帝国时期的“第一公民”

英语单词prince来自拉丁语princeps,由primus(first,与prime同源)+ capere(to take,拿)构成,字面意思就是“the one who takes the first (place/position)”(首席,排在第一位的人)。

在古罗马共和国时期,罗马元老院中的威望和权力最大的议员就被称为princeps senatus(首席议员)。首席议员由执政官从贵族议员中选择并任命,通常是以前的执政官。在公元前275年之前,首席议员还仅仅是个荣誉称号,他可以在讨论时第一个发言。公元前275年,首席议员成为正式职位,享有众多特权,如召集和解散议会、确定议程、决定议事规则等。

古罗马帝国初期阶段,帝国首脑被称为Princeps,通常译为“第一公民”。罗马帝国的第一个皇帝、凯撒大帝的继承人屋大维上台后,从凯撒遇刺事件中看到了罗马贵族对独裁统治的普遍反感,没有采用dictator(独裁官)或rex(king,国王)的头衔,而是采用了一个比较谦逊的头衔Princeps(第一公民)。从此以后,罗马帝国的最高首脑除了emperor(皇帝)头衔外,还都担任Princeps职务,而皇帝瓦勒良(Valerian)曾在上台之前就担任这一职务。直到罗马皇帝戴克里先(Diocletian)执政时才废除这一头衔。罗马帝国首脑使用Princeps头衔的阶段就被称为“元首制时期”。

英语单词prince(国君、王子)就来自Princeps。由此可见,在西方人的传统观念中,一国之君不过是“首席”、“第一公民”而已,绝不像咱中国一样被看成是“天子”。

prince: [prɪns] n.国君,王子,亲王

princess: [ˌprɪnˈses] n.公主,王妃

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版:prince 词源,prince 含义。

prince:王子,王公,(小国的)君王,国君

来自古法语prince,王子,王公,来自拉丁语princeps,国王,统治者,酋长,来自primus,第一的,首要的,-cep,拿,带,承担,词源同capable,accept.后词义扩大为小国的君主,国君等。拼写比较single,simple.

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