英文词源
- mustard
- mustard: [13] Mustard was originally made by mixing the crushed seeds of various plants of the cabbage family with the freshly pressed juice of grapes – the ‘must’. Hence its name, which comes from Old French moustarde, a word derived from a descendant of Latin mustum ‘new wine’ (source of English must ‘grape juice’).
=> must - mustard (n.)
- late 13c. (late 12c. as a surname), from Old French mostarde "mustard, mustard plant" (Modern French moutarde), from moust "must," from Latin mustum "new wine" (see must (n.1)); so called because it was originally prepared by adding must to the ground seeds of the plant to make a paste. As a color name, it is attested from 1848.
Mustard gas, World War I poison (first used by the Germans at Ypres, 1917), so called for its color and smell and burning effect on eyes and lungs; chemical name is dichlordiethyl sulfide, it contains no mustard, and is an atomized liquid, not a gas. To cut the mustard (1907, usually in negative) is probably from slang mustard "genuine article, best thing" (1903) on notion of "that which enhances flavor."I'm not headlined in the bills, but I'm the mustard in the salad dressing just the same. [O.Henry, "Cabbages and Kings," 1904]
中文词源
mustard：芥末，芥菜
来自拉丁语mustum,新酒，新酿制葡萄酒，-ard,名词后缀。来自古罗马时期的芥末烹调方法，即把新酒与芥末籽拌在一起用以给面团调味，后就以该词命名这种植物。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：mustard 词源，mustard 含义。
mustard（芥末）：沉浸在未发酵葡萄汁中的调味品
芥末（mustard)是一种历史悠久的调味品。它是用芥菜的种子经过碾磨之后制成的。 最早的时候，芥末是和醋混合在一起形成膏状，就像我们今天看到的芥末酱一样。但在中世纪时，曾经有一段时间，人们用酿葡萄酒过程中的一种副产品一一未发酵的葡萄汁来替代醋。 这种未发酵葡萄汁在拉丁语中称为mustum，在英语中称为must。因此，人们就将芥末和 must混合后形成的芥末酱称为mustard，后缀-ard表示沉湎某物的人，如drunkard (酒鬼）。 所以mustard的字面意思就是沉浸在must (未发酵葡萄汁）中的调味品。