英文词源
- martyr
- martyr: [OE] Etymologically, a martyr is a ‘witness’ – that was the original meaning of Greek mártur, which came ultimately from Indo-European *mer ‘remember’ (source of English memory, mourn, remember, etc). In Christian usage, the notion of someone dying as a ‘witness’ to their faith led to the application of mártur to ‘martyr’, and it was in this sense that it passed via Latin martyr into Old English.
=> memory, mourn, remember - martyr (n.)
- Old English martyr, from Late Latin martyr, from Doric Greek martyr, earlier martys (genitive martyros), in Christian use "martyr," literally "witness," probably related to mermera "care, trouble," from mermairein "be anxious or thoughtful," from PIE *(s)mrtu- (cognates: Sanskrit smarati "remember," Latin memor "mindful;" see memory).
Adopted directly into most Germanic languages, but Norse substituted native formation pislarvattr, literally "torture-witness." General sense of "constant sufferer" is from 1550s. Martyr complex "exaggerated desire for self-sacrifice" is attested from 1920. - martyr (v.)
- Old English martyrian, from martyr (see martyr (n.)). Middle English also had a verb martyrize.
中文词源
martyr（烈士）：坚守信仰而牺牲的殉道者
英语单词martyr原本是一个宗教术语，指为了坚守信仰而牺牲的殉道者，被后人视 为英雄或圣徒而得到崇拜。martyr一词的本意是witness“证人”，指不惧危险、坚持为信仰作证的人。在基督教中，耶稣基督就是第一位 martyr。后来，该术语也应用于世俗领域，用来表示为了自己的信仰而献出生命的人，即所谓的“烈士”。
martyr：['mɑːtə] n.烈士，殉道者vt.牺牲，折磨，杀害
martyrdom：['mɑːtədəm] n.殉道，殉难，殉教，牺牲，受苦
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：martyr 词源，martyr 含义。
martyr：殉道者
来自拉丁语martyr,来自希腊语martys,见证者，-r,所有格后缀，来自PIE*smer,mer,记住，记忆，词源同memory,remember.后引申词义殉道的人，为教而牺牲的人。
martyr：殉难者，烈士
来源于原始印欧语mer(记忆)在希腊语中派生的martur。