英文词源
- lunatic (adj.)
- late 13c., "affected with periodic insanity, dependent on the changes of the moon," from Old French lunatique, lunage "insane," or directly from Late Latin lunaticus "moon-struck," from Latin luna "moon" (see Luna). Compare Old English monseoc "lunatic," literally "moon-sick;" Middle High German lune "humor, temper, mood, whim, fancy" (German Laune), from Latin luna. Compare also New Testament Greek seleniazomai "be epileptic," from selene "moon." Lunatic fringe (1913) apparently was coined by U.S. politician Theodore Roosevelt.
Then, among the wise and high-minded people who in self-respecting and genuine fashion strive earnestly for peace, there are foolish fanatics always to be found in such a movement and always discrediting it -- the men who form the lunatic fringe in all reform movements. [Theodore Roosevelt, autobiography, 1913].
Earlier it was a term for a type of hairstyle worn over the forehead (1877). Lunatic soup (1933) was Australian slang for "alcoholic drink." - lunatic (n.)
- "lunatic person," late 14c., from lunatic (adj.).
中文词源
lunatic(疯狂的):月亮拥有使人疯狂的魔力
月亮的阴晴圆缺影响地球的潮汐甚至生物周期,因此古人相信月亮拥有使人疯狂的魔力,并且这种魔力随着月亮的阴晴圆缺而变化,在满月时魔力最大。如人狼传说中人狼会在满月时变身为狼。英语单词lunatic就反映了这一传说。它来自拉丁语lunaticus,本意是moon strike(月亮的侵袭),表示“随着月亮的阴晴圆缺而发生精神错乱”。词根lun-就是moon(月亮)的意思。
lunatic:['luːnətɪk] adj.精神错乱的,疯狂的,愚蠢的n.疯子
lunacy:['luːnəsɪ] n.精神失常,愚蠢的行为
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版:lunatic 词源,lunatic 含义。
lunatic:精神病
来自拉丁语luna,月亮,词源同lunar.因西方古代医学认为月相的盈亏可引发暂时的神经错乱,也就是月亮效应,但时至今日,医学界仍对这一现象争论不休,没有定论。
lunatic:疯子
今天有些西方人因在睡觉时月光照在脸庞上面感到不舒服。他们也许还不至于相信自己会因此精神错乱。然而,旧时迷信的阴影至今仍然留在他们心间。多少世纪以来,至少从古罗马时代起,在西方一直广泛流传着这样一种说法:精神病与月的盈亏有关,在月亮逐渐变圆之时,精神病患者就会随之变得更加狂乱起来。意为“疯子”的lunatic一词正是基于这一说法产生的。它源自拉丁语luna(月亮)。在罗马神话中Luna是月亮女神露娜,传说人的发狂是受他的影响的。lunatic早在1290年就已在英语见诸使用,但如今已不再用以指“疯子”,而只是指“极端愚蠢的人”,短语lunatic asylum(疯人院)还被一般辞书列为禁忌语。英语中另有几个含moon的复合词,如moonstruck(发狂的),moonhead(笨蛋),mooncalf(先天白痴)等,其产生与上述说法都不无关系。
lunatic:精神错乱的,疯狂的,极端愚蠢的
古罗马人认为,周期性的精神病有时是由月盈月亏引起的。
词根词缀: -lun-月亮→疯 + -atic形容词词尾