英文词源
- cathedral
- cathedral: [13] Cathedral is a shortening of cathedral church, which was originally the ‘church housing the bishop’s throne’. For ultimately cathedral comes from Greek kathédrā (source also of English chair), a compound noun meaning ‘seat’, formed from katá- ‘down’ and *hed- ‘sit’. The adjectival form was created in late Latin as cathedrālis, and reached English via Old French. The notion of the bishop’s authority residing in his throne recurs in see, which comes from Latin sēdem ‘seat’, a relative of English sit.
=> chair - cathedral (n.)
- 1580s, "church of a bishop," from phrase cathedral church (c. 1300), partially translating Late Latin ecclesia cathedralis "church of a bishop's seat," from Latin cathedra "an easy chair (principally used by ladies)," also metonymically, as in cathedrae molles "luxurious women;" also "a professor's chair;" from Greek kathedra "seat, bench," from kata "down" (see cata-) + hedra "seat, base, chair, face of a geometric solid," from PIE root *sed- (1) "to sit" (see sedentary).
It was born an adjective, and attempts to cobble further adjectivization onto it in 17c. yielded cathedraical (1670s), cathedratic (1660s), cathedratical (1660s), after which the effort seems to have been given up.
中文词源
cathedral（大教堂）：基督教会中的主教座堂
单词Cathedral常常被翻译为“大教堂”，很容易让人误解为“规模较大的教堂”。实际上，Cathedral的准确含义是“主教座堂”，是指在主教制的基督教会中，设有主教座位的教堂。 主教座堂是教区主教的正式驻地，因而被视为教区的中心，其建筑大多比堂区的教堂更加宏美壮观。该单词源自希腊语kathedra（座位），经拉丁语进入英 语后写作cathedra，最初专指主教的“宝座”。由于主教的“宝座”通常设在教区中最主要的教堂里，于是这种教堂就被人们叫作cathedral。
cathedral： [kə'θiːdr(ə)l] n.大教堂，主教座堂
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：cathedral 词源，cathedral 含义。
cathedral：大教堂
发音释义：[kə'θidrəl] n.大教堂；主教座堂
词源解释：cathedral←拉丁语cathedra（座位）←希腊语kathedra（座位）
cathedral一词是cathedral church的缩写。cathedral church的意思是“摆放有主教座位的教堂”，也就是主教所在的教堂，比普通教堂级别更高，所以一般翻译为“大教堂”或“主教座堂”。
cathedral：教区总教堂
cata-, 向下。-hed, 坐，词源同sit, seat. 指主教教堂，圣座，chair原型。
cathedral：大教堂
人们很难想象，一个教区的“总教堂”（cathedral）和单匹马位的旧式“轻便马车”（shay）竟然是一母同胞的亲兄弟。他们都是从希腊语kathedra（座位）来的，分两路进入英语。一路经拉丁语进入英语后写作cathedra，最初专指主教的“宝座”。由于主教的“宝座”通常设在教区中最主要的教堂里，于是这样的教学就被人们叫作cathedral.
另一路经拉丁语进入古法语，写作chaiere，现代法语又写成chaire，意思是“讲坛”或“专业人员的座椅”。继而chaire又衍生出另一个词chaise，意思仍指“椅子”，进而又指“马车”。过去的英国人误认为chaise是“马车”的复数形式，就想当然地创造了它的单数形式shay。
cathedral：大教堂)；(一个教区内的)总教堂
作名词时来源于希腊语中由kata-(向下,在下)和*hed-(坐)组成的词汇kathedra,原义是“主教的宝座”。作形容词时来源于后期拉丁语cathedralis。
词根词缀： cath-向下,在下 + edr坐 + -al形容词词尾